sidef-scripts/Math/fermat_numbers_find_small_factor.sf

#!/usr/bin/ruby

# Daniel "Trizen" Șuteu
# Date: 11 May 2019
# https://github.com/trizen

# Find small factors of Fermat numbers: F(k) = 2^(2^k) + 1.

# This takes advantage of the fact that the prime factors of Fermat numbers have the form:
#
#   2^(k+2) * u + 1
#
# for some integer `u`.

# See also:
#   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat_number

func fermat_small_factor(k) {

    var F = (2**(2**k) + 1)
    var t = 2**(k+2)

    for u in (2..1e4) {
        if (is_prime(t*u + 1)) {
            var z = (t*u + 1)
            if (z `divides` F) {
                return z
            }
        }
    }

    return nil
}

for k in (3..18) {
    var d = fermat_small_factor(k)
    say "2^(2^#{k}) + 1 is divisible by #{d}" if d
}

__END__
2^(2^3) + 1 is divisible by 257
2^(2^4) + 1 is divisible by 65537
2^(2^5) + 1 is divisible by 641
2^(2^6) + 1 is divisible by 274177
2^(2^9) + 1 is divisible by 2424833
2^(2^11) + 1 is divisible by 319489
2^(2^12) + 1 is divisible by 114689
2^(2^15) + 1 is divisible by 1214251009
2^(2^16) + 1 is divisible by 825753601
2^(2^18) + 1 is divisible by 13631489