guile/module/system/vm/assembler.scm

;;; Guile bytecode assembler

;;; Copyright (C) 2001, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
;;;
;;; This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
;;; modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
;;; License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
;;; version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
;;;
;;; This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
;;; but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
;;; Lesser General Public License for more details.
;;;
;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
;;; License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
;;; Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA

;;; Commentary:
;;;
;;; This module implements an assembler that creates an ELF image from
;;; bytecode assembly and macro-assembly.  The input can be given in
;;; s-expression form, like ((OP ARG ...) ...).  Internally there is a
;;; procedural interface, the emit-OP procedures, but that is not
;;; currently exported.
;;;
;;; "Primitive instructions" correspond to VM operations.  Assemblers
;;; for primitive instructions are generated programmatically from
;;; (instruction-list), which itself is derived from the VM sources.
;;; There are also "macro-instructions" like "label" or "load-constant"
;;; that expand to 0 or more primitive instructions.
;;;
;;; The assembler also handles some higher-level tasks, like creating
;;; the symbol table, other metadata sections, creating a constant table
;;; for the whole compilation unit, and writing the dynamic section of
;;; the ELF file along with the appropriate initialization routines.
;;;
;;; Most compilers will want to use the trio of make-assembler,
;;; emit-text, and link-assembly.  That will result in the creation of
;;; an ELF image as a bytevector, which can then be loaded using
;;; load-thunk-from-memory, or written to disk as a .go file.
;;;
;;; Code:

(define-module (system vm assembler)
  #:use-module (system base target)
  #:use-module (system vm dwarf)
  #:use-module (system vm elf)
  #:use-module (system vm linker)
  #:use-module (language bytecode)
  #:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
  #:use-module (ice-9 binary-ports)
  #:use-module (ice-9 vlist)
  #:use-module (ice-9 match)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-1)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-4)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-9)
  #:use-module (srfi srfi-11)
  #:export (make-assembler

            emit-call
            emit-call-label
            emit-tail-call
            emit-tail-call-label
            (emit-receive* . emit-receive)
            emit-receive-values
            emit-return
            emit-return-values
            emit-call/cc
            emit-abort
            (emit-builtin-ref* . emit-builtin-ref)
            emit-br-if-nargs-ne
            emit-br-if-nargs-lt
            emit-br-if-nargs-gt
            emit-assert-nargs-ee
            emit-assert-nargs-ge
            emit-assert-nargs-le
            emit-alloc-frame
            emit-reset-frame
            emit-assert-nargs-ee/locals
            emit-br-if-npos-gt
            emit-bind-kwargs
            emit-bind-rest
            emit-br
            emit-br-if-true
            emit-br-if-null
            emit-br-if-nil
            emit-br-if-pair
            emit-br-if-struct
            emit-br-if-char
            emit-br-if-tc7
            (emit-br-if-eq* . emit-br-if-eq)
            (emit-br-if-eqv* . emit-br-if-eqv)
            (emit-br-if-equal* . emit-br-if-equal)
            (emit-br-if-=* . emit-br-if-=)
            (emit-br-if-<* . emit-br-if-<)
            (emit-br-if-<=* . emit-br-if-<=)
            (emit-br-if-logtest* . emit-br-if-logtest)
            (emit-mov* . emit-mov)
            (emit-box* . emit-box)
            (emit-box-ref* . emit-box-ref)
            (emit-box-set!* . emit-box-set!)
            emit-make-closure
            (emit-free-ref* . emit-free-ref)
            (emit-free-set!* . emit-free-set!)
            emit-current-module
            emit-resolve
            (emit-define!* . emit-define!)
            emit-toplevel-box
            emit-module-box
            emit-prompt
            (emit-wind* . emit-wind)
            emit-unwind
            (emit-push-fluid* . emit-push-fluid)
            emit-pop-fluid
            (emit-fluid-ref* . emit-fluid-ref)
            (emit-fluid-set* . emit-fluid-set)
            (emit-string-length* . emit-string-length)
            (emit-string-ref* . emit-string-ref)
            (emit-string->number* . emit-string->number)
            (emit-string->symbol* . emit-string->symbol)
            (emit-symbol->keyword* . emit-symbol->keyword)
            (emit-cons* . emit-cons)
            (emit-car* . emit-car)
            (emit-cdr* . emit-cdr)
            (emit-set-car!* . emit-set-car!)
            (emit-set-cdr!* . emit-set-cdr!)
            (emit-add* . emit-add)
            (emit-add1* . emit-add1)
            (emit-sub* . emit-sub)
            (emit-sub1* . emit-sub1)
            (emit-mul* . emit-mul)
            (emit-div* . emit-div)
            (emit-quo* . emit-quo)
            (emit-rem* . emit-rem)
            (emit-mod* . emit-mod)
            (emit-ash* . emit-ash)
            (emit-logand* . emit-logand)
            (emit-logior* . emit-logior)
            (emit-logxor* . emit-logxor)
            (emit-make-vector* . emit-make-vector)
            (emit-make-vector/immediate* . emit-make-vector/immediate)
            (emit-vector-length* . emit-vector-length)
            (emit-vector-ref* . emit-vector-ref)
            (emit-vector-ref/immediate* . emit-vector-ref/immediate)
            (emit-vector-set!* . emit-vector-set!)
            (emit-vector-set!/immediate* . emit-vector-set!/immediate)
            (emit-struct-vtable* . emit-struct-vtable)
            (emit-allocate-struct/immediate* . emit-allocate-struct/immediate)
            (emit-struct-ref/immediate* . emit-struct-ref/immediate)
            (emit-struct-set!/immediate* . emit-struct-set!/immediate)
            (emit-allocate-struct* . emit-allocate-struct)
            (emit-struct-ref* . emit-struct-ref)
            (emit-struct-set!* . emit-struct-set!)
            (emit-class-of* . emit-class-of)
            (emit-make-array* . emit-make-array)
            (emit-bv-u8-ref* . emit-bv-u8-ref)
            (emit-bv-s8-ref* . emit-bv-s8-ref)
            (emit-bv-u16-ref* . emit-bv-u16-ref)
            (emit-bv-s16-ref* . emit-bv-s16-ref)
            (emit-bv-u32-ref* . emit-bv-u32-ref)
            (emit-bv-s32-ref* . emit-bv-s32-ref)
            (emit-bv-u64-ref* . emit-bv-u64-ref)
            (emit-bv-s64-ref* . emit-bv-s64-ref)
            (emit-bv-f32-ref* . emit-bv-f32-ref)
            (emit-bv-f64-ref* . emit-bv-f64-ref)
            (emit-bv-u8-set!* . emit-bv-u8-set!)
            (emit-bv-s8-set!* . emit-bv-s8-set!)
            (emit-bv-u16-set!* . emit-bv-u16-set!)
            (emit-bv-s16-set!* . emit-bv-s16-set!)
            (emit-bv-u32-set!* . emit-bv-u32-set!)
            (emit-bv-s32-set!* . emit-bv-s32-set!)
            (emit-bv-u64-set!* . emit-bv-u64-set!)
            (emit-bv-s64-set!* . emit-bv-s64-set!)
            (emit-bv-f32-set!* . emit-bv-f32-set!)
            (emit-bv-f64-set!* . emit-bv-f64-set!)

            emit-text
            link-assembly))




;; Like define-inlinable, but only for first-order uses of the defined
;; routine.  Should residualize less code.
(eval-when (expand)
  (define-syntax define-inline
    (lambda (x)
      (syntax-case x ()
        ((_ (name arg ...) body ...)
         (with-syntax (((temp ...) (generate-temporaries #'(arg ...))))
           #`(eval-when (expand)
               (define-syntax-rule (name temp ...)
                 (let ((arg temp) ...)
                   body ...)))))))))

;;; Bytecode consists of 32-bit units, often subdivided in some way.
;;; These helpers create one 32-bit unit from multiple components.

(define-inline (pack-u8-u24 x y)
  (unless (<= 0 x 255)
    (error "out of range" x))
  (logior x (ash y 8)))

(define-inline (pack-u8-s24 x y)
  (unless (<= 0 x 255)
    (error "out of range" x))
  (logior x (ash (cond
                  ((< 0 (- y) #x800000)
                   (+ y #x1000000))
                  ((<= 0 y #xffffff)
                   y)
                  (else (error "out of range" y)))
                 8)))

(define-inline (pack-u1-u7-u24 x y z)
  (unless (<= 0 x 1)
    (error "out of range" x))
  (unless (<= 0 y 127)
    (error "out of range" y))
  (logior x (ash y 1) (ash z 8)))

(define-inline (pack-u8-u12-u12 x y z)
  (unless (<= 0 x 255)
    (error "out of range" x))
  (unless (<= 0 y 4095)
    (error "out of range" y))
  (logior x (ash y 8) (ash z 20)))

(define-inline (pack-u8-u8-u16 x y z)
  (unless (<= 0 x 255)
    (error "out of range" x))
  (unless (<= 0 y 255)
    (error "out of range" y))
  (logior x (ash y 8) (ash z 16)))

(define-inline (pack-u8-u8-u8-u8 x y z w)
  (unless (<= 0 x 255)
    (error "out of range" x))
  (unless (<= 0 y 255)
    (error "out of range" y))
  (unless (<= 0 z 255)
    (error "out of range" z))
  (logior x (ash y 8) (ash z 16) (ash w 24)))

(eval-when (expand)
  (define-syntax pack-flags
    (syntax-rules ()
      ;; Add clauses as needed.
      ((pack-flags f1 f2) (logior (if f1 (ash 1 0) 0)
                                  (if f2 (ash 2 0) 0))))))

;;; Helpers to read and write 32-bit units in a buffer.

(define-inline (u32-ref buf n)
  (bytevector-u32-native-ref buf (* n 4)))

(define-inline (u32-set! buf n val)
  (bytevector-u32-native-set! buf (* n 4) val))

(define-inline (s32-ref buf n)
  (bytevector-s32-native-ref buf (* n 4)))

(define-inline (s32-set! buf n val)
  (bytevector-s32-native-set! buf (* n 4) val))




;;; A <meta> entry collects metadata for one procedure.  Procedures are
;;; written as contiguous ranges of bytecode.
;;;
(eval-when (expand)
  (define-syntax-rule (assert-match arg pattern kind)
    (let ((x arg))
      (unless (match x (pattern #t) (_ #f))
        (error (string-append "expected " kind) x)))))

(define-record-type <meta>
  (%make-meta label properties low-pc high-pc arities)
  meta?
  (label meta-label)
  (properties meta-properties set-meta-properties!)
  (low-pc meta-low-pc)
  (high-pc meta-high-pc set-meta-high-pc!)
  (arities meta-arities set-meta-arities!))

(define (make-meta label properties low-pc)
  (assert-match label (or (? exact-integer?) (? symbol?)) "symbol")
  (assert-match properties (((? symbol?) . _) ...) "alist with symbolic keys")
  (%make-meta label properties low-pc #f '()))

(define (meta-name meta)
  (assq-ref (meta-properties meta) 'name))

;; Metadata for one <lambda-case>.
(define-record-type <arity>
  (make-arity req opt rest kw-indices allow-other-keys?
              low-pc high-pc definitions)
  arity?
  (req arity-req)
  (opt arity-opt)
  (rest arity-rest)
  (kw-indices arity-kw-indices)
  (allow-other-keys? arity-allow-other-keys?)
  (low-pc arity-low-pc)
  (high-pc arity-high-pc set-arity-high-pc!)
  (definitions arity-definitions set-arity-definitions!))

(eval-when (expand)
  (define-syntax *block-size* (identifier-syntax 32)))

;;; An assembler collects all of the words emitted during assembly, and
;;; also maintains ancillary information such as the constant table, a
;;; relocation list, and so on.
;;;
;;; Bytecode consists of 32-bit units.  We emit bytecode using native
;;; endianness.  If we're targeting a foreign endianness, we byte-swap
;;; the bytevector as a whole instead of conditionalizing each access.
;;;
(define-record-type <asm>
  (make-asm cur idx start prev written
            labels relocs
            word-size endianness
            constants inits
            shstrtab next-section-number
            meta sources
            dead-slot-maps)
  asm?

  ;; We write bytecode into what is logically a growable vector,
  ;; implemented as a list of blocks.  asm-cur is the current block, and
  ;; asm-idx is the current index into that block, in 32-bit units.
  ;;
  (cur asm-cur set-asm-cur!)
  (idx asm-idx set-asm-idx!)

  ;; asm-start is an absolute position, indicating the offset of the
  ;; beginning of an instruction (in u32 units).  It is updated after
  ;; writing all the words for one primitive instruction.  It models the
  ;; position of the instruction pointer during execution, given that
  ;; the VM updates the IP only at the end of executing the instruction,
  ;; and is thus useful for computing offsets between two points in a
  ;; program.
  ;;
  (start asm-start set-asm-start!)

  ;; The list of previously written blocks.
  ;;
  (prev asm-prev set-asm-prev!)

  ;; The number of u32 words written in asm-prev, which is the same as
  ;; the offset of the current block.
  ;;
  (written asm-written set-asm-written!)

  ;; An alist of symbol -> position pairs, indicating the labels defined
  ;; in this compilation unit.
  ;;
  (labels asm-labels set-asm-labels!)

  ;; A list of relocations needed by the program text.  We use an
  ;; internal representation for relocations, and handle textualn
  ;; relative relocations in the assembler.  Other kinds of relocations
  ;; are later reified as linker relocations and resolved by the linker.
  ;;
  (relocs asm-relocs set-asm-relocs!)

  ;; Target information.
  ;;
  (word-size asm-word-size)
  (endianness asm-endianness)

  ;; The constant table, as a vhash of object -> label.  All constants
  ;; get de-duplicated and written into separate sections -- either the
  ;; .rodata section, for read-only data, or .data, for constants that
  ;; need initialization at load-time (like symbols).  Constants can
  ;; depend on other constants (e.g. a symbol depending on a stringbuf),
  ;; so order in this table is important.
  ;;
  (constants asm-constants set-asm-constants!)

  ;; A list of instructions needed to initialize the constants.  Will
  ;; run in a thunk with 2 local variables.
  ;;
  (inits asm-inits set-asm-inits!)

  ;; The shstrtab, for section names.
  ;;
  (shstrtab asm-shstrtab set-asm-shstrtab!)

  ;; The section number for the next section to be written.
  ;;
  (next-section-number asm-next-section-number set-asm-next-section-number!)

  ;; A list of <meta>, corresponding to procedure metadata.
  ;;
  (meta asm-meta set-asm-meta!)

  ;; A list of (pos . source) pairs, indicating source information.  POS
  ;; is relative to the beginning of the text section, and SOURCE is in
  ;; the same format that source-properties returns.
  ;;
  (sources asm-sources set-asm-sources!)

  ;; A list of (pos . dead-slot-map) pairs, indicating dead slot maps.
  ;; POS is relative to the beginning of the text section.
  ;; DEAD-SLOT-MAP is a bitfield of slots that are dead at call sites,
  ;; as an integer.
  ;;
  (dead-slot-maps asm-dead-slot-maps set-asm-dead-slot-maps!))

(define-inline (fresh-block)
  (make-u32vector *block-size*))

(define* (make-assembler #:key (word-size (target-word-size))
                         (endianness (target-endianness)))
  "Create an assembler for a given target @var{word-size} and
@var{endianness}, falling back to appropriate values for the configured
target."
  (make-asm (fresh-block) 0 0 '() 0
            (make-hash-table) '()
            word-size endianness
            vlist-null '()
            (make-string-table) 1
            '() '() '()))

(define (intern-section-name! asm string)
  "Add a string to the section name table (shstrtab)."
  (string-table-intern! (asm-shstrtab asm) string))

(define-inline (asm-pos asm)
  "The offset of the next word to be written into the code buffer, in
32-bit units."
  (+ (asm-idx asm) (asm-written asm)))

(define (allocate-new-block asm)
  "Close off the current block, and arrange for the next word to be
written to a fresh block."
  (let ((new (fresh-block)))
    (set-asm-prev! asm (cons (asm-cur asm) (asm-prev asm)))
    (set-asm-written! asm (asm-pos asm))
    (set-asm-cur! asm new)
    (set-asm-idx! asm 0)))

(define-inline (emit asm u32)
  "Emit one 32-bit word into the instruction stream.  Assumes that there
is space for the word, and ensures that there is space for the next
word."
  (u32-set! (asm-cur asm) (asm-idx asm) u32)
  (set-asm-idx! asm (1+ (asm-idx asm)))
  (if (= (asm-idx asm) *block-size*)
      (allocate-new-block asm)))

(define-inline (make-reloc type label base word)
  "Make an internal relocation of type @var{type} referencing symbol
@var{label}, @var{word} words after position @var{start}.  @var{type}
may be x8-s24, indicating a 24-bit relative label reference that can be
fixed up by the assembler, or s32, indicating a 32-bit relative
reference that needs to be fixed up by the linker."
  (list type label base word))

(define-inline (reset-asm-start! asm)
  "Reset the asm-start after writing the words for one instruction."
  (set-asm-start! asm (asm-pos asm)))

(define (record-label-reference asm label)
  "Record an x8-s24 local label reference.  This value will get patched
up later by the assembler."
  (let* ((start (asm-start asm))
         (pos (asm-pos asm))
         (reloc (make-reloc 'x8-s24 label start (- pos start))))
    (set-asm-relocs! asm (cons reloc (asm-relocs asm)))))

(define* (record-far-label-reference asm label #:optional (offset 0))
  "Record an s32 far label reference.  This value will get patched up
later by the linker."
  (let* ((start (- (asm-start asm) offset))
         (pos (asm-pos asm))
         (reloc (make-reloc 's32 label start (- pos start))))
    (set-asm-relocs! asm (cons reloc (asm-relocs asm)))))




;;;
;;; Primitive assemblers are defined by expanding `assembler' for each
;;; opcode in `(instruction-list)'.
;;;

(eval-when (expand)
  (define (id-append ctx a b)
    (datum->syntax ctx (symbol-append (syntax->datum a) (syntax->datum b))))

  (define-syntax assembler
    (lambda (x)
      (define-syntax op-case
        (lambda (x)
          (syntax-case x ()
            ((_ asm name ((type arg ...) code ...) clause ...)
             #`(if (eq? name 'type)
                   (with-syntax (((arg ...) (generate-temporaries #'(arg ...))))
                     #'((arg ...)
                        code ...))
                   (op-case asm name clause ...)))
            ((_ asm name)
             #'(error "unmatched name" name)))))

      (define (pack-first-word asm opcode type)
        (with-syntax ((opcode opcode))
          (op-case
           asm type
           ((U8_X24)
            (emit asm opcode))
           ((U8_U24 arg)
            (emit asm (pack-u8-u24 opcode arg)))
           ((U8_L24 label)
            (record-label-reference asm label)
            (emit asm opcode))
           ((U8_U8_I16 a imm)
            (emit asm (pack-u8-u8-u16 opcode a (object-address imm))))
           ((U8_U12_U12 a b)
            (emit asm (pack-u8-u12-u12 opcode a b)))
           ((U8_U8_U8_U8 a b c)
            (emit asm (pack-u8-u8-u8-u8 opcode a b c))))))

      (define (pack-tail-word asm type)
        (op-case
         asm type
         ((U8_U24 a b)
          (emit asm (pack-u8-u24 a b)))
         ((U8_L24 a label)
          (record-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm a))
         ((U32 a)
          (emit asm a))
         ((I32 imm)
          (let ((val (object-address imm)))
            (unless (zero? (ash val -32))
              (error "FIXME: enable truncation of negative fixnums when cross-compiling"))
            (emit asm val)))
         ((A32 imm)
          (unless (= (asm-word-size asm) 8)
            (error "make-long-immediate unavailable for this target"))
          (emit asm (ash (object-address imm) -32))
          (emit asm (logand (object-address imm) (1- (ash 1 32)))))
         ((B32))
         ((N32 label)
          (record-far-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm 0))
         ((S32 label)
          (record-far-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm 0))
         ((L32 label)
          (record-far-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm 0))
         ((LO32 label offset)
          (record-far-label-reference asm label
                                      (* offset (/ (asm-word-size asm) 4)))
          (emit asm 0))
         ((X8_U24 a)
          (emit asm (pack-u8-u24 0 a)))
         ((X8_L24 label)
          (record-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm 0))
         ((B1_X7_L24 a label)
          (record-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm (pack-u1-u7-u24 (if a 1 0) 0 0)))
         ((B1_U7_L24 a b label)
          (record-label-reference asm label)
          (emit asm (pack-u1-u7-u24 (if a 1 0) b 0)))
         ((B1_X31 a)
          (emit asm (pack-u1-u7-u24 (if a 1 0) 0 0)))
         ((B1_X7_U24 a b)
          (emit asm (pack-u1-u7-u24 (if a 1 0) 0 b)))))

      (syntax-case x ()
        ((_ name opcode word0 word* ...)
         (with-syntax ((((formal0 ...)
                         code0 ...)
                        (pack-first-word #'asm
                                         (syntax->datum #'opcode)
                                         (syntax->datum #'word0)))
                       ((((formal* ...)
                          code* ...) ...)
                        (map (lambda (word) (pack-tail-word #'asm word))
                             (syntax->datum #'(word* ...)))))
           #'(lambda (asm formal0 ... formal* ... ...)
               (unless (asm? asm) (error "not an asm"))
               code0 ...
               code* ... ...
               (reset-asm-start! asm))))))))

(define assemblers (make-hash-table))

(eval-when (expand)
  (define-syntax define-assembler
    (lambda (x)
      (syntax-case x ()
        ((_ name opcode kind arg ...)
         (with-syntax ((emit (id-append #'name #'emit- #'name)))
           #'(define emit
               (let ((emit (assembler name opcode arg ...)))
                 (hashq-set! assemblers 'name emit)
                 emit)))))))

  (define-syntax visit-opcodes
    (lambda (x)
      (syntax-case x ()
        ((visit-opcodes macro arg ...)
         (with-syntax (((inst ...)
                        (map (lambda (x) (datum->syntax #'macro x))
                             (instruction-list))))
           #'(begin
               (macro arg ... . inst)
               ...)))))))

(visit-opcodes define-assembler)

(eval-when (expand)

  ;; Some operands are encoded using a restricted subset of the full
  ;; 24-bit local address space, in order to make the bytecode more
  ;; dense in the usual case that there are few live locals.  Here we
  ;; define wrapper emitters that shuffle out-of-range operands into and
  ;; out of the reserved range of locals [233,255].  This range is
  ;; sufficient because these restricted operands are only present in
  ;; the first word of an instruction.  Since 8 bits is the smallest
  ;; slot-addressing operand size, that means we can fit 3 operands in
  ;; the 24 bits of payload of the first word (the lower 8 bits being
  ;; taken by the opcode).
  ;;
  ;; The result are wrapper emitters with the same arity,
  ;; e.g. emit-cons* that wraps emit-cons.  We expose these wrappers as
  ;; the public interface for emitting `cons' instructions.  That way we
  ;; solve the problem fully and in just one place.  The only manual
  ;; care that need be taken is in the exports list at the top of the
  ;; file -- to be sure that we export the wrapper and not the wrapped
  ;; emitter.

  (define (shuffling-assembler name kind word0 word*)
    (define (analyze-first-word)
      (define-syntax op-case
        (syntax-rules ()
          ((_ type ((%type %kind arg ...) values) clause ...)
           (if (and (eq? type '%type) (eq? kind '%kind))
               (with-syntax (((arg ...) (generate-temporaries #'(arg ...))))
                 #'((arg ...) values))
               (op-case type clause ...)))
          ((_ type)
           #f)))
      (op-case
       word0
       ((U8_U8_I16 ! a imm)
        (values (if (< a (ash 1 8))  a (begin (emit-mov* asm 253 a) 253))
                imm))
       ((U8_U8_I16 <- a imm)
        (values (if (< a (ash 1 8))  a 253)
                imm))
       ((U8_U12_U12 ! a b)
        (values (if (< a (ash 1 12)) a (begin (emit-mov* asm 253 a) 253))
                (if (< b (ash 1 12)) b (begin (emit-mov* asm 254 b) 254))))
       ((U8_U12_U12 <- a b)
        (values (if (< a (ash 1 12)) a 253)
                (if (< b (ash 1 12)) b (begin (emit-mov* asm 254 b) 254))))
       ((U8_U8_U8_U8 ! a b c)
        (values (if (< a (ash 1 8))  a (begin (emit-mov* asm 253 a) 253))
                (if (< b (ash 1 8))  b (begin (emit-mov* asm 254 b) 254))
                (if (< c (ash 1 8))  c (begin (emit-mov* asm 255 c) 255))))
       ((U8_U8_U8_U8 <- a b c)
        (values (if (< a (ash 1 8))  a 253)
                (if (< b (ash 1 8))  b (begin (emit-mov* asm 254 b) 254))
                (if (< c (ash 1 8))  c (begin (emit-mov* asm 255 c) 255))))))

    (define (tail-formals type)
      (define-syntax op-case
        (syntax-rules ()
          ((op-case type (%type arg ...) clause ...)
           (if (eq? type '%type)
               (generate-temporaries #'(arg ...))
               (op-case type clause ...)))
          ((op-case type)
           (error "unmatched type" type))))
      (op-case type
               (U8_U24 a b)
               (U8_L24 a label)
               (U32 a)
               (I32 imm)
               (A32 imm)
               (B32)
               (N32 label)
               (S32 label)
               (L32 label)
               (LO32 label offset)
               (X8_U24 a)
               (X8_L24 label)
               (B1_X7_L24 a label)
               (B1_U7_L24 a b label)
               (B1_X31 a)
               (B1_X7_U24 a b)))

    (define (shuffle-up dst)
      (define-syntax op-case
        (syntax-rules ()
          ((_ type ((%type ...) exp) clause ...)
           (if (memq type '(%type ...))
               #'exp
               (op-case type clause ...)))
          ((_ type)
           (error "unexpected type" type))))
      (with-syntax ((dst dst))
        (op-case
         word0
         ((U8_U8_I16 U8_U8_U8_U8)
          (unless (< dst (ash 1 8))
            (emit-mov* asm dst 253)))
         ((U8_U12_U12)
          (unless (< dst (ash 1 12))
            (emit-mov* asm dst 253))))))

    (and=>
     (analyze-first-word)
     (lambda (formals+shuffle)
       (with-syntax ((emit-name (id-append name #'emit- name))
                     (((formal0 ...) shuffle) formals+shuffle)
                     (((formal* ...) ...) (map tail-formals word*)))
         (with-syntax (((shuffle-up-dst ...)
                        (if (eq? kind '<-)
                            (syntax-case #'(formal0 ...) ()
                              ((dst . _)
                               (list (shuffle-up #'dst))))
                            '())))
           #'(lambda (asm formal0 ... formal* ... ...)
               (call-with-values (lambda () shuffle)
                 (lambda (formal0 ...)
                   (emit-name asm formal0 ... formal* ... ...)))
               shuffle-up-dst ...))))))

  (define-syntax define-shuffling-assembler
    (lambda (stx)
      (syntax-case stx ()
        ((_ #:except (except ...) name opcode kind word0 word* ...)
         (cond
          ((or-map (lambda (op) (eq? (syntax->datum #'name) op))
                   (map syntax->datum #'(except ...)))
           #'(begin))
          ((shuffling-assembler #'name (syntax->datum #'kind)
                                (syntax->datum #'word0)
                                (map syntax->datum #'(word* ...)))
           => (lambda (proc)
                (with-syntax ((emit (id-append #'name
                                               (id-append #'name #'emit- #'name)
                                               #'*))
                              (proc proc))
                  #'(define emit
                      (let ((emit proc))
                        (hashq-set! assemblers 'name emit)
                        emit)))))
          (else #'(begin))))))))

(visit-opcodes define-shuffling-assembler #:except (receive mov))

;; Mov and receive are two special cases that can work without wrappers.
;; Indeed it is important that they do so.

(define (emit-mov* asm dst src)
  (if (and (< dst (ash 1 12)) (< src (ash 1 12)))
      (emit-mov asm dst src)
      (emit-long-mov asm dst src)))

(define (emit-receive* asm dst proc nlocals)
  (if (and (< dst (ash 1 12)) (< proc (ash 1 12)))
      (emit-receive asm dst proc nlocals)
      (begin
        (emit-receive-values asm proc #t 1)
        (emit-mov* asm dst (1+ proc))
        (emit-reset-frame asm nlocals))))

(define (emit-text asm instructions)
  "Assemble @var{instructions} using the assembler @var{asm}.
@var{instructions} is a sequence of instructions, expressed as a list of
lists.  This procedure can be called many times before calling
@code{link-assembly}."
  (for-each (lambda (inst)
              (apply (or (hashq-ref assemblers (car inst))
                         (error 'bad-instruction inst))
                     asm
                     (cdr inst)))
            instructions))



;;;
;;; The constant table records a topologically sorted set of literal
;;; constants used by a program.  For example, a pair uses its car and
;;; cdr, a string uses its stringbuf, etc.
;;;
;;; Some things we want to add to the constant table are not actually
;;; Scheme objects: for example, stringbufs, cache cells for toplevel
;;; references, or cache cells for non-closure procedures.  For these we
;;; define special record types and add instances of those record types
;;; to the table.
;;;

(define-inline (immediate? x)
  "Return @code{#t} if @var{x} is immediate, and @code{#f} otherwise."
  (not (zero? (logand (object-address x) 6))))

(define-record-type <stringbuf>
  (make-stringbuf string)
  stringbuf?
  (string stringbuf-string))

(define-record-type <static-procedure>
  (make-static-procedure code)
  static-procedure?
  (code static-procedure-code))

(define-record-type <uniform-vector-backing-store>
  (make-uniform-vector-backing-store bytes element-size)
  uniform-vector-backing-store?
  (bytes uniform-vector-backing-store-bytes)
  (element-size uniform-vector-backing-store-element-size))

(define-record-type <cache-cell>
  (make-cache-cell scope key)
  cache-cell?
  (scope cache-cell-scope)
  (key cache-cell-key))

(define (simple-vector? obj)
  (and (vector? obj)
       (equal? (array-shape obj) (list (list 0 (1- (vector-length obj)))))))

(define (simple-uniform-vector? obj)
  (and (array? obj)
       (symbol? (array-type obj))
       (equal? (array-shape obj) (list (list 0 (1- (array-length obj)))))))

(define (statically-allocatable? x)
  "Return @code{#t} if a non-immediate constant can be allocated
statically, and @code{#f} if it would need some kind of runtime
allocation."
  (or (pair? x) (string? x) (stringbuf? x) (static-procedure? x) (array? x)))

(define (intern-constant asm obj)
  "Add an object to the constant table, and return a label that can be
used to reference it.  If the object is already present in the constant
table, its existing label is used directly."
  (define (recur obj)
    (intern-constant asm obj))
  (define (field dst n obj)
    (let ((src (recur obj)))
      (if src
          (if (statically-allocatable? obj)
              `((static-patch! ,dst ,n ,src))
              `((static-ref 1 ,src)
                (static-set! 1 ,dst ,n)))
          '())))
  (define (intern obj label)
    (cond
     ((pair? obj)
      (append (field label 0 (car obj))
              (field label 1 (cdr obj))))
     ((simple-vector? obj)
      (let lp ((i 0) (inits '()))
        (if (< i (vector-length obj))
            (lp (1+ i)
                (append-reverse (field label (1+ i) (vector-ref obj i))
                                inits))
            (reverse inits))))
     ((stringbuf? obj) '())
     ((static-procedure? obj)
      `((static-patch! ,label 1 ,(static-procedure-code obj))))
     ((cache-cell? obj) '())
     ((symbol? obj)
      `((make-non-immediate 1 ,(recur (symbol->string obj)))
        (string->symbol 1 1)
        (static-set! 1 ,label 0)))
     ((string? obj)
      `((static-patch! ,label 1 ,(recur (make-stringbuf obj)))))
     ((keyword? obj)
      `((static-ref 1 ,(recur (keyword->symbol obj)))
        (symbol->keyword 1 1)
        (static-set! 1 ,label 0)))
     ((number? obj)
      `((make-non-immediate 1 ,(recur (number->string obj)))
        (string->number 1 1)
        (static-set! 1 ,label 0)))
     ((uniform-vector-backing-store? obj) '())
     ((simple-uniform-vector? obj)
      (let ((width (case (array-type obj)
                     ((vu8 u8 s8) 1)
                     ((u16 s16) 2)
                     ;; Bitvectors are addressed in 32-bit units.
                     ;; Although a complex number is 8 or 16 bytes wide,
                     ;; it should be byteswapped in 4 or 8 byte units.
                     ((u32 s32 f32 c32 b) 4)
                     ((u64 s64 f64 c64) 8)
                     (else
                      (error "unhandled array type" obj)))))
        `((static-patch! ,label 2
                         ,(recur (make-uniform-vector-backing-store
                                  (uniform-array->bytevector obj)
                                  width))))))
     ((array? obj)
      `((static-patch! ,label 1 ,(recur (shared-array-root obj)))))
     (else
      (error "don't know how to intern" obj))))
  (cond
   ((immediate? obj) #f)
   ((vhash-assoc obj (asm-constants asm)) => cdr)
   (else
    ;; Note that calling intern may mutate asm-constants and asm-inits.
    (let* ((label (gensym "constant"))
           (inits (intern obj label)))
      (set-asm-constants! asm (vhash-cons obj label (asm-constants asm)))
      (set-asm-inits! asm (append-reverse inits (asm-inits asm)))
      label))))

(define (intern-non-immediate asm obj)
  "Intern a non-immediate into the constant table, and return its
label."
  (when (immediate? obj)
    (error "expected a non-immediate" obj))
  (intern-constant asm obj))

(define (intern-cache-cell asm scope key)
  "Intern a cache cell into the constant table, and return its label.
If there is already a cache cell with the given scope and key, it is
returned instead."
  (intern-constant asm (make-cache-cell scope key)))

;; Return the label of the cell that holds the module for a scope.
(define (intern-module-cache-cell asm scope)
  "Intern a cache cell for a module, and return its label."
  (intern-cache-cell asm scope #t))




;;;
;;; Macro assemblers bridge the gap between primitive instructions and
;;; some higher-level operations.
;;;

(eval-when (expand)
  (define-syntax define-macro-assembler
    (lambda (x)
      (syntax-case x ()
        ((_ (name arg ...) body body* ...)
         (with-syntax ((emit (id-append #'name #'emit- #'name)))
           #'(begin
               (define emit
                 (let ((emit (lambda (arg ...) body body* ...)))
                   (hashq-set! assemblers 'name emit)
                   emit))
               (export emit))))))))

(define-macro-assembler (load-constant asm dst obj)
  (cond
   ((immediate? obj)
    (let ((bits (object-address obj)))
      (cond
       ((and (< dst 256) (zero? (ash bits -16)))
        (emit-make-short-immediate asm dst obj))
       ((zero? (ash bits -32))
        (emit-make-long-immediate asm dst obj))
       (else
        (emit-make-long-long-immediate asm dst obj)))))
   ((statically-allocatable? obj)
    (emit-make-non-immediate asm dst (intern-non-immediate asm obj)))
   (else
    (emit-static-ref asm dst (intern-non-immediate asm obj)))))

(define-macro-assembler (load-static-procedure asm dst label)
  (let ((loc (intern-constant asm (make-static-procedure label))))
    (emit-make-non-immediate asm dst loc)))

(define-syntax-rule (define-tc7-macro-assembler name tc7)
  (define-macro-assembler (name asm slot invert? label)
    (emit-br-if-tc7 asm slot invert? tc7 label)))

;; Keep in sync with tags.h.  Part of Guile's ABI.  Currently unused
;; macro assemblers are commented out.  See also
;; *branching-primcall-arities* in (language cps primitives), the set of
;; macro-instructions in assembly.scm, and
;; disassembler.scm:code-annotation.
;;
;; FIXME: Define all tc7 values in Scheme in one place, derived from
;; tags.h.
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-symbol 5)
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-variable 7)
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-vector 13)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-weak-vector 13)
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-string 21)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-heap-number 23)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-stringbuf 39)
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-bytevector 77)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-pointer 31)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-hashtable 29)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-fluid 37)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-dynamic-state 45)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-frame 47)
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-keyword 53)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-vm 55)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-vm-cont 71)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-rtl-program 69)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-weak-set 85)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-weak-table 87)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-array 93)
(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-bitvector 95)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-port 125)
;(define-tc7-macro-assembler br-if-smob 127)

(define-macro-assembler (begin-program asm label properties)
  (emit-label asm label)
  (let ((meta (make-meta label properties (asm-start asm))))
    (set-asm-meta! asm (cons meta (asm-meta asm)))))

(define-macro-assembler (end-program asm)
  (let ((meta (car (asm-meta asm))))
    (set-meta-high-pc! meta (asm-start asm))
    (set-meta-arities! meta (reverse (meta-arities meta)))))

(define-macro-assembler (begin-standard-arity asm req nlocals alternate)
  (emit-begin-opt-arity asm req '() #f nlocals alternate))

(define-macro-assembler (begin-opt-arity asm req opt rest nlocals alternate)
  (emit-begin-kw-arity asm req opt rest '() #f nlocals alternate))

(define-macro-assembler (begin-kw-arity asm req opt rest kw-indices
                                        allow-other-keys? nlocals alternate)
  (assert-match req ((? symbol?) ...) "list of symbols")
  (assert-match opt ((? symbol?) ...) "list of symbols")
  (assert-match rest (or #f (? symbol?)) "#f or symbol")
  (assert-match kw-indices (((? keyword?) . (? integer?)) ...)
                "alist of keyword -> integer")
  (assert-match allow-other-keys? (? boolean?) "boolean")
  (assert-match nlocals (? integer?) "integer")
  (assert-match alternate (or #f (? exact-integer?) (? symbol?)) "#f or symbol")
  (let* ((meta (car (asm-meta asm)))
         (arity (make-arity req opt rest kw-indices allow-other-keys?
                            (asm-start asm) #f '()))
         ;; The procedure itself is in slot 0, in the standard calling
         ;; convention.  For procedure prologues, nreq includes the
         ;; procedure, so here we add 1.
         (nreq (1+ (length req)))
         (nopt (length opt))
         (rest? (->bool rest)))
    (set-meta-arities! meta (cons arity (meta-arities meta)))
    (cond
     ((or allow-other-keys? (pair? kw-indices))
      (emit-kw-prelude asm nreq nopt rest? kw-indices allow-other-keys?
                       nlocals alternate))
     ((or rest? (pair? opt))
      (emit-opt-prelude asm nreq nopt rest? nlocals alternate))
     (else
      (emit-standard-prelude asm nreq nlocals alternate)))))

(define-macro-assembler (end-arity asm)
  (let ((arity (car (meta-arities (car (asm-meta asm))))))
    (set-arity-definitions! arity (reverse (arity-definitions arity)))
    (set-arity-high-pc! arity (asm-start asm))))

;; As noted above, we reserve locals 253 through 255 for shuffling large
;; operands.  However the calling convention has all arguments passed in
;; a contiguous block.  This helper, called after the clause has been
;; chosen and the keyword/optional/rest arguments have been processed,
;; shuffles up arguments from slot 253 and higher into their final
;; allocations.
;;
(define (shuffle-up-args asm nargs)
  (when (> nargs 253)
    (let ((slot (1- nargs)))
      (emit-mov asm (+ slot 3) slot)
      (shuffle-up-args asm (1- nargs)))))

(define-macro-assembler (standard-prelude asm nreq nlocals alternate)
  (cond
   (alternate
    (emit-br-if-nargs-ne asm nreq alternate)
    (emit-alloc-frame asm nlocals))
   ((and (< nreq (ash 1 12)) (< (- nlocals nreq) (ash 1 12)))
    (emit-assert-nargs-ee/locals asm nreq (- nlocals nreq)))
   (else
    (emit-assert-nargs-ee asm nreq)
    (emit-alloc-frame asm nlocals)))
  (shuffle-up-args asm nreq))

(define-macro-assembler (opt-prelude asm nreq nopt rest? nlocals alternate)
  (if alternate
      (emit-br-if-nargs-lt asm nreq alternate)
      (emit-assert-nargs-ge asm nreq))
  (cond
   (rest?
    (emit-bind-rest asm (+ nreq nopt)))
   (alternate
    (emit-br-if-nargs-gt asm (+ nreq nopt) alternate))
   (else
    (emit-assert-nargs-le asm (+ nreq nopt))))
  (emit-alloc-frame asm nlocals)
  (shuffle-up-args asm (+ nreq nopt (if rest? 1 0))))

(define-macro-assembler (kw-prelude asm nreq nopt rest? kw-indices
                                    allow-other-keys? nlocals alternate)
  (if alternate
      (begin
        (emit-br-if-nargs-lt asm nreq alternate)
        (unless rest?
          (emit-br-if-npos-gt asm nreq (+ nreq nopt) alternate)))
      (emit-assert-nargs-ge asm nreq))
  (let ((ntotal (fold (lambda (kw ntotal)
                        (match kw
                          (((? keyword?) . idx)
                           (max (1+ idx) ntotal))))
                      (+ nreq nopt) kw-indices)))
    ;; FIXME: port 581f410f
    (emit-bind-kwargs asm nreq
                      (pack-flags allow-other-keys? rest?)
                      (+ nreq nopt)
                      ntotal
                      (intern-constant asm kw-indices))
    (emit-alloc-frame asm nlocals)
    (shuffle-up-args asm ntotal)))

(define-macro-assembler (label asm sym)
  (hashq-set! (asm-labels asm) sym (asm-start asm)))

(define-macro-assembler (source asm source)
  (set-asm-sources! asm (acons (asm-start asm) source (asm-sources asm))))

(define-macro-assembler (definition asm name slot)
  (let* ((arity (car (meta-arities (car (asm-meta asm)))))
         (def (vector name
                      slot
                      (* (- (asm-start asm) (arity-low-pc arity)) 4))))
    (set-arity-definitions! arity (cons def (arity-definitions arity)))))

(define-macro-assembler (cache-current-module! asm module scope)
  (let ((mod-label (intern-module-cache-cell asm scope)))
    (emit-static-set! asm module mod-label 0)))

(define-macro-assembler (cached-toplevel-box asm dst scope sym bound?)
  (let ((sym-label (intern-non-immediate asm sym))
        (mod-label (intern-module-cache-cell asm scope))
        (cell-label (intern-cache-cell asm scope sym)))
    (emit-toplevel-box asm dst cell-label mod-label sym-label bound?)))

(define-macro-assembler (cached-module-box asm dst module-name sym public? bound?)
  (let* ((sym-label (intern-non-immediate asm sym))
         (key (cons public? module-name))
         (mod-name-label (intern-constant asm key))
         (cell-label (intern-cache-cell asm key sym)))
    (emit-module-box asm dst cell-label mod-name-label sym-label bound?)))

(define-macro-assembler (dead-slot-map asm proc-slot dead-slot-map)
  (unless (zero? dead-slot-map)
    (set-asm-dead-slot-maps! asm
                             (cons
                              (cons* (asm-start asm) proc-slot dead-slot-map)
                              (asm-dead-slot-maps asm)))))



;;;
;;; Helper for linking objects.
;;;

(define (make-object asm name bv relocs labels . kwargs)
  "Make a linker object.  This helper handles interning the name in the
shstrtab, assigning the size, allocating a fresh index, and defining a
corresponding linker symbol for the start of the section."
  (let ((name-idx (intern-section-name! asm (symbol->string name)))
        (index (asm-next-section-number asm)))
    (set-asm-next-section-number! asm (1+ index))
    (make-linker-object (apply make-elf-section
                               #:index index
                               #:name name-idx
                               #:size (bytevector-length bv)
                               kwargs)
                        bv relocs
                        (cons (make-linker-symbol name 0) labels))))




;;;
;;; Linking the constant table.  This code is somewhat intertwingled
;;; with the intern-constant code above, as that procedure also
;;; residualizes instructions to initialize constants at load time.
;;;

(define (write-immediate asm buf pos x)
  (let ((val (object-address x))
        (endianness (asm-endianness asm)))
    (case (asm-word-size asm)
      ((4) (bytevector-u32-set! buf pos val endianness))
      ((8) (bytevector-u64-set! buf pos val endianness))
      (else (error "bad word size" asm)))))

(define (emit-init-constants asm)
  "If there is writable data that needs initialization at runtime, emit
a procedure to do that and return its label.  Otherwise return
@code{#f}."
  (let ((inits (asm-inits asm)))
    (and (not (null? inits))
         (let ((label (gensym "init-constants")))
           (emit-text asm
                      `((begin-program ,label ())
                        (assert-nargs-ee/locals 1 1)
                        ,@(reverse inits)
                        (load-constant 1 ,*unspecified*)
                        (return 1)
                        (end-program)))
           label))))

(define (link-data asm data name)
  "Link the static data for a program into the @var{name} section (which
should be .data or .rodata), and return the resulting linker object.
@var{data} should be a vhash mapping objects to labels."
  (define (align address alignment)
    (+ address
       (modulo (- alignment (modulo address alignment)) alignment)))

  (define tc7-vector 13)
  (define stringbuf-shared-flag #x100)
  (define stringbuf-wide-flag #x400)
  (define tc7-stringbuf 39)
  (define tc7-narrow-stringbuf
    (+ tc7-stringbuf stringbuf-shared-flag))
  (define tc7-wide-stringbuf
    (+ tc7-stringbuf stringbuf-shared-flag stringbuf-wide-flag))
  (define tc7-ro-string (+ 21 #x200))
  (define tc7-program 69)
  (define tc7-bytevector 77)
  (define tc7-bitvector 95)
  (define tc7-array 93)

  (let ((word-size (asm-word-size asm))
        (endianness (asm-endianness asm)))
    (define (byte-length x)
      (cond
       ((stringbuf? x)
        (let ((x (stringbuf-string x)))
          (+ (* 2 word-size)
             (case (string-bytes-per-char x)
               ((1) (1+ (string-length x)))
               ((4) (* (1+ (string-length x)) 4))
               (else (error "bad string bytes per char" x))))))
       ((static-procedure? x)
        (* 2 word-size))
       ((string? x)
        (* 4 word-size))
       ((pair? x)
        (* 2 word-size))
       ((simple-vector? x)
        (* (1+ (vector-length x)) word-size))
       ((simple-uniform-vector? x)
        (* 4 word-size))
       ((uniform-vector-backing-store? x)
        (bytevector-length (uniform-vector-backing-store-bytes x)))
       ((array? x)
        (* word-size (+ 3 (* 3 (array-rank x)))))
       (else
        word-size)))

    (define (write-constant-reference buf pos x)
      ;; The asm-inits will fix up any reference to a non-immediate.
      (write-immediate asm buf pos (if (immediate? x) x #f)))

    (define (write buf pos obj)
      (cond
       ((stringbuf? obj)
        (let* ((x (stringbuf-string obj))
               (len (string-length x))
               (tag (if (= (string-bytes-per-char x) 1)
                        tc7-narrow-stringbuf
                        tc7-wide-stringbuf)))
          (case word-size
            ((4)
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf pos tag endianness)
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos 4) len endianness))
            ((8)
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf pos tag endianness)
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf (+ pos 8) len endianness))
            (else
             (error "bad word size" asm)))
          (let ((pos (+ pos (* word-size 2))))
            (case (string-bytes-per-char x)
              ((1)
               (let lp ((i 0))
                 (if (< i len)
                     (let ((u8 (char->integer (string-ref x i))))
                       (bytevector-u8-set! buf (+ pos i) u8)
                       (lp (1+ i)))
                     (bytevector-u8-set! buf (+ pos i) 0))))
              ((4)
               (let lp ((i 0))
                 (if (< i len)
                     (let ((u32 (char->integer (string-ref x i))))
                       (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos (* i 4)) u32 endianness)
                       (lp (1+ i)))
                     (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos (* i 4)) 0 endianness))))
              (else (error "bad string bytes per char" x))))))

       ((static-procedure? obj)
        (case word-size
          ((4)
           (bytevector-u32-set! buf pos tc7-program endianness)
           (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos 4) 0 endianness))
          ((8)
           (bytevector-u64-set! buf pos tc7-program endianness)
           (bytevector-u64-set! buf (+ pos 8) 0 endianness))
          (else (error "bad word size"))))

       ((cache-cell? obj)
        (write-immediate asm buf pos #f))

       ((string? obj)
        (let ((tag (logior tc7-ro-string (ash (string-length obj) 8)))) ; FIXME: unused?
          (case word-size
            ((4)
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf pos tc7-ro-string endianness)
             (write-immediate asm buf (+ pos 4) #f) ; stringbuf
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos 8) 0 endianness)
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos 12) (string-length obj) endianness))
            ((8)
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf pos tc7-ro-string endianness)
             (write-immediate asm buf (+ pos 8) #f) ; stringbuf
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf (+ pos 16) 0 endianness)
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf (+ pos 24) (string-length obj) endianness))
            (else (error "bad word size")))))

       ((pair? obj)
        (write-constant-reference buf pos (car obj))
        (write-constant-reference buf (+ pos word-size) (cdr obj)))

       ((simple-vector? obj)
        (let* ((len (vector-length obj))
               (tag (logior tc7-vector (ash len 8))))
          (case word-size
            ((4) (bytevector-u32-set! buf pos tag endianness))
            ((8) (bytevector-u64-set! buf pos tag endianness))
            (else (error "bad word size")))
          (let lp ((i 0))
            (when (< i (vector-length obj))
              (let ((pos (+ pos word-size (* i word-size)))
                    (elt (vector-ref obj i)))
                (write-constant-reference buf pos elt)
                (lp (1+ i)))))))

       ((symbol? obj)
        (write-immediate asm buf pos #f))

       ((keyword? obj)
        (write-immediate asm buf pos #f))

       ((number? obj)
        (write-immediate asm buf pos #f))

       ((simple-uniform-vector? obj)
        (let ((tag (if (bitvector? obj)
                       tc7-bitvector
                       (let ((type-code (array-type-code obj)))
                         (logior tc7-bytevector (ash type-code 7))))))
          (case word-size
            ((4)
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf pos tag endianness)
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos 4)
                                  (if (bitvector? obj)
                                      (bitvector-length obj)
                                      (bytevector-length obj))
                                  endianness)                 ; length
             (bytevector-u32-set! buf (+ pos 8) 0 endianness) ; pointer
             (write-immediate asm buf (+ pos 12) #f))         ; owner
            ((8)
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf pos tag endianness)
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf (+ pos 8)
                                  (if (bitvector? obj)
                                      (bitvector-length obj)
                                      (bytevector-length obj))
                                  endianness)                  ; length
             (bytevector-u64-set! buf (+ pos 16) 0 endianness) ; pointer
             (write-immediate asm buf (+ pos 24) #f))          ; owner
            (else (error "bad word size")))))

       ((uniform-vector-backing-store? obj)
        (let ((bv (uniform-vector-backing-store-bytes obj)))
          (bytevector-copy! bv 0 buf pos (bytevector-length bv))
          (unless (or (= 1 (uniform-vector-backing-store-element-size obj))
                      (eq? endianness (native-endianness)))
            ;; Need to swap units of element-size bytes
            (error "FIXME: Implement byte order swap"))))

       ((array? obj)
        (let-values
            ;; array tag + rank + contp flag: see libguile/arrays.h .
            (((tag) (logior tc7-array (ash (array-rank obj) 17) (ash 1 16)))
             ((bv-set! bvs-set!)
              (case word-size
                ((4) (values bytevector-u32-set! bytevector-s32-set!))
                ((8) (values bytevector-u64-set! bytevector-s64-set!))
                (else (error "bad word size")))))
          (bv-set! buf pos tag endianness)
          (write-immediate asm buf (+ pos word-size) #f) ; root vector (fixed later)
          (bv-set! buf (+ pos (* word-size 2)) 0 endianness) ; base
          (let lp ((pos (+ pos (* word-size 3)))
                   (bounds (array-shape obj))
                   (incs (shared-array-increments obj)))
            (when (pair? bounds)
              (bvs-set! buf pos (first (first bounds)) endianness)
              (bvs-set! buf (+ pos word-size) (second (first bounds)) endianness)
              (bvs-set! buf (+ pos (* word-size 2)) (first incs) endianness)
              (lp (+ pos (* 3 word-size)) (cdr bounds) (cdr incs))))))

       (else
        (error "unrecognized object" obj))))

    (cond
     ((vlist-null? data) #f)
     (else
      (let* ((byte-len (vhash-fold (lambda (k v len)
                                     (+ (byte-length k) (align len 8)))
                                   0 data))
             (buf (make-bytevector byte-len 0)))
        (let lp ((i 0) (pos 0) (symbols '()))
          (if (< i (vlist-length data))
              (let* ((pair (vlist-ref data i))
                     (obj (car pair))
                     (obj-label (cdr pair)))
                (write buf pos obj)
                (lp (1+ i)
                    (align (+ (byte-length obj) pos) 8)
                    (cons (make-linker-symbol obj-label pos) symbols)))
              (make-object asm name buf '() symbols
                           #:flags (match name
                                     ('.data (logior SHF_ALLOC SHF_WRITE))
                                     ('.rodata SHF_ALLOC))))))))))

(define (link-constants asm)
  "Link sections to hold constants needed by the program text emitted
using @var{asm}.

Returns three values: an object for the .rodata section, an object for
the .data section, and a label for an initialization procedure.  Any of
these may be @code{#f}."
  (define (shareable? x)
    (cond
     ((stringbuf? x) #t)
     ((pair? x)
      (and (immediate? (car x)) (immediate? (cdr x))))
     ((simple-vector? x)
      (let lp ((i 0))
        (or (= i (vector-length x))
            (and (immediate? (vector-ref x i))
                 (lp (1+ i))))))
     ((uniform-vector-backing-store? x) #t)
     (else #f)))
  (let* ((constants (asm-constants asm))
         (len (vlist-length constants)))
    (let lp ((i 0)
             (ro vlist-null)
             (rw vlist-null))
      (if (= i len)
          (values (link-data asm ro '.rodata)
                  (link-data asm rw '.data)
                  (emit-init-constants asm))
          (let ((pair (vlist-ref constants i)))
            (if (shareable? (car pair))
                (lp (1+ i) (vhash-consq (car pair) (cdr pair) ro) rw)
                (lp (1+ i) ro (vhash-consq (car pair) (cdr pair) rw))))))))



;;;
;;; Linking program text.
;;;

(define (process-relocs buf relocs labels)
  "Patch up internal x8-s24 relocations, and any s32 relocations that
reference symbols in the text section.  Return a list of linker
relocations for references to symbols defined outside the text section."
  (fold
   (lambda (reloc tail)
     (match reloc
       ((type label base word)
        (let ((abs (hashq-ref labels label))
              (dst (+ base word)))
          (case type
            ((s32)
             (if abs
                 (let ((rel (- abs base)))
                   (s32-set! buf dst rel)
                   tail)
                 (cons (make-linker-reloc 'rel32/4 (* dst 4) word label)
                       tail)))
            ((x8-s24)
             (unless abs
               (error "unbound near relocation" reloc))
             (let ((rel (- abs base))
                   (u32 (u32-ref buf dst)))
               (u32-set! buf dst (pack-u8-s24 (logand u32 #xff) rel))
               tail))
            (else (error "bad relocation kind" reloc)))))))
   '()
   relocs))

(define (process-labels labels)
  "Define linker symbols for the label-offset map in @var{labels}.
The offsets are expected to be expressed in words."
  (hash-map->list (lambda (label loc)
                    (make-linker-symbol label (* loc 4)))
                  labels))

(define (swap-bytes! buf)
  "Patch up the text buffer @var{buf}, swapping the endianness of each
32-bit unit."
  (unless (zero? (modulo (bytevector-length buf) 4))
    (error "unexpected length"))
  (let ((byte-len (bytevector-length buf)))
    (let lp ((pos 0))
      (unless (= pos byte-len)
        (bytevector-u32-set!
         buf pos
         (bytevector-u32-ref buf pos (endianness big))
         (endianness little))
        (lp (+ pos 4))))))

(define (link-text-object asm)
  "Link the .rtl-text section, swapping the endianness of the bytes if
needed."
  (let ((buf (make-u32vector (asm-pos asm))))
    (let lp ((pos 0) (prev (reverse (asm-prev asm))))
      (if (null? prev)
          (let ((byte-size (* (asm-idx asm) 4)))
            (bytevector-copy! (asm-cur asm) 0 buf pos byte-size)
            (unless (eq? (asm-endianness asm) (native-endianness))
              (swap-bytes! buf))
            (make-object asm '.rtl-text
                         buf
                         (process-relocs buf (asm-relocs asm)
                                         (asm-labels asm))
                         (process-labels (asm-labels asm))))
          (let ((len (* *block-size* 4)))
            (bytevector-copy! (car prev) 0 buf pos len)
            (lp (+ pos len) (cdr prev)))))))




;;;
;;; Create the frame maps.  These maps are used by GC to identify dead
;;; slots in pending call frames, to avoid marking them.  We only do
;;; this when frame makes a non-tail call, as that is the common case.
;;; Only the topmost frame will see a GC at any other point, but we mark
;;; top frames conservatively as serializing live slot maps at every
;;; instruction would take up too much space in the object file.
;;;

;; The .guile.frame-maps section starts with two packed u32 values: one
;; indicating the offset of the first byte of the .rtl-text section, and
;; another indicating the relative offset in bytes of the slots data.
(define frame-maps-prefix-len 8)

;; Each header is 8 bytes: 4 for the offset from .rtl_text, and 4 for
;; the offset of the slot map from the beginning of the
;; .guile.frame-maps section.  The length of a frame map depends on the
;; frame size at the call site, and is not encoded into this section as
;; it is available at run-time.
(define frame-map-header-len 8)

(define (link-frame-maps asm)
  (define (map-byte-length proc-slot)
    (ceiling-quotient (- proc-slot 2) 8))
  (define (make-frame-maps maps count map-len)
    (let* ((endianness (asm-endianness asm))
           (header-pos frame-maps-prefix-len)
           (map-pos (+ header-pos (* count frame-map-header-len)))
           (bv (make-bytevector (+ map-pos map-len) 0)))
      (bytevector-u32-set! bv 4 map-pos endianness)
      (let lp ((maps maps) (header-pos header-pos) (map-pos map-pos))
        (match maps
          (()
           (make-object asm '.guile.frame-maps bv
                        (list (make-linker-reloc 'abs32/1 0 0 '.rtl-text))
                        '() #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags SHF_ALLOC))
          (((pos proc-slot . map) . maps)
           (bytevector-u32-set! bv header-pos (* pos 4) endianness)
           (bytevector-u32-set! bv (+ header-pos 4) map-pos endianness)
           (let write-bytes ((map-pos map-pos)
                             (map map)
                             (byte-length (map-byte-length proc-slot)))
             (if (zero? byte-length)
                 (lp maps (+ header-pos frame-map-header-len) map-pos)
                 (begin
                   (bytevector-u8-set! bv map-pos (logand map #xff))
                   (write-bytes (1+ map-pos) (ash map -8)
                                (1- byte-length))))))))))
  (match (asm-dead-slot-maps asm)
    (() #f)
    (in
     (let lp ((in in) (out '()) (count 0) (map-len 0))
       (match in
         (() (make-frame-maps out count map-len))
         (((and head (pos proc-slot . map)) . in)
          (lp in (cons head out)
              (1+ count)
              (+ (map-byte-length proc-slot) map-len))))))))



;;;
;;; Linking other sections of the ELF file, like the dynamic segment,
;;; the symbol table, etc.
;;;

;; FIXME: Define these somewhere central, shared with C.
(define *bytecode-major-version* #x0202)
(define *bytecode-minor-version* 6)

(define (link-dynamic-section asm text rw rw-init frame-maps)
  "Link the dynamic section for an ELF image with bytecode @var{text},
given the writable data section @var{rw} needing fixup from the
procedure with label @var{rw-init}.  @var{rw-init} may be false.  If
@var{rw} is true, it will be added to the GC roots at runtime."
  (define-syntax-rule (emit-dynamic-section word-size %set-uword! reloc-type)
    (let* ((endianness (asm-endianness asm))
           (words 6)
           (words (if rw (+ words 4) words))
           (words (if rw-init (+ words 2) words))
           (words (if frame-maps (+ words 2) words))
           (bv (make-bytevector (* word-size words) 0))
           (set-uword!
            (lambda (i uword)
              (%set-uword! bv (* i word-size) uword endianness)))
           (relocs '())
           (set-label!
            (lambda (i label)
              (set! relocs (cons (make-linker-reloc 'reloc-type
                                                    (* i word-size) 0 label)
                                 relocs))
              (%set-uword! bv (* i word-size) 0 endianness))))
      (set-uword! 0 DT_GUILE_VM_VERSION)
      (set-uword! 1 (logior (ash *bytecode-major-version* 16)
                            *bytecode-minor-version*))
      (set-uword! 2 DT_GUILE_ENTRY)
      (set-label! 3 '.rtl-text)
      (when rw
        ;; Add roots to GC.
        (set-uword! 4 DT_GUILE_GC_ROOT)
        (set-label! 5 '.data)
        (set-uword! 6 DT_GUILE_GC_ROOT_SZ)
        (set-uword! 7 (bytevector-length (linker-object-bv rw)))
        (when rw-init
          (set-uword! 8 DT_INIT)        ; constants
          (set-label! 9 rw-init)))
      (when frame-maps
        (set-uword! (- words 4) DT_GUILE_FRAME_MAPS)
        (set-label! (- words 3) '.guile.frame-maps))
      (set-uword! (- words 2) DT_NULL)
      (set-uword! (- words 1) 0)
      (make-object asm '.dynamic bv relocs '()
                   #:type SHT_DYNAMIC #:flags SHF_ALLOC)))
  (case (asm-word-size asm)
    ((4) (emit-dynamic-section 4 bytevector-u32-set! abs32/1))
    ((8) (emit-dynamic-section 8 bytevector-u64-set! abs64/1))
    (else (error "bad word size" asm))))

(define (link-shstrtab asm)
  "Link the string table for the section headers."
  (intern-section-name! asm ".shstrtab")
  (make-object asm '.shstrtab
               (link-string-table! (asm-shstrtab asm))
               '() '()
               #:type SHT_STRTAB #:flags 0))

(define (link-symtab text-section asm)
  (let* ((endianness (asm-endianness asm))
         (word-size (asm-word-size asm))
         (size (elf-symbol-len word-size))
         (meta (reverse (asm-meta asm)))
         (n (length meta))
         (strtab (make-string-table))
         (bv (make-bytevector (* n size) 0)))
    (define (intern-string! name)
      (string-table-intern! strtab (if name (symbol->string name) "")))
    (for-each
     (lambda (meta n)
       (let ((name (intern-string! (meta-name meta))))
         (write-elf-symbol bv (* n size) endianness word-size
                           (make-elf-symbol
                            #:name name
                            ;; Symbol value and size are measured in
                            ;; bytes, not u32s.
                            #:value (* 4 (meta-low-pc meta))
                            #:size (* 4 (- (meta-high-pc meta)
                                           (meta-low-pc meta)))
                            #:type STT_FUNC
                            #:visibility STV_HIDDEN
                            #:shndx (elf-section-index text-section)))))
     meta (iota n))
    (let ((strtab (make-object asm '.strtab
                               (link-string-table! strtab)
                               '() '()
                               #:type SHT_STRTAB #:flags 0)))
      (values (make-object asm '.symtab
                           bv
                           '() '()
                           #:type SHT_SYMTAB #:flags 0 #:entsize size
                           #:link (elf-section-index
                                   (linker-object-section strtab)))
              strtab))))

;;; The .guile.arities section describes the arities that a function can
;;; have.  It is in two parts: a sorted array of headers describing
;;; basic arities, and an array of links out to a string table (and in
;;; the case of keyword arguments, to the data section) for argument
;;; names.  The whole thing is prefixed by a uint32 indicating the
;;; offset of the end of the headers array.
;;;
;;; The arity headers array is a packed array of structures of the form:
;;;
;;;   struct arity_header {
;;;     uint32_t low_pc;
;;;     uint32_t high_pc;
;;;     uint32_t offset;
;;;     uint32_t flags;
;;;     uint32_t nreq;
;;;     uint32_t nopt;
;;;     uint32_t nlocals;
;;;   }
;;;
;;; All of the offsets and addresses are 32 bits.  We can expand in the
;;; future to use 64-bit offsets if appropriate, but there are other
;;; aspects of bytecode that constrain us to a total image that fits in
;;; 32 bits, so for the moment we'll simplify the problem space.
;;;
;;; The following flags values are defined:
;;;
;;;    #x1: has-rest?
;;;    #x2: allow-other-keys?
;;;    #x4: has-keyword-args?
;;;    #x8: is-case-lambda?
;;;    #x10: is-in-case-lambda?
;;;
;;; Functions with a single arity specify their number of required and
;;; optional arguments in nreq and nopt, and do not have the
;;; is-case-lambda? flag set.  Their "offset" member links to an array
;;; of pointers into the associated .guile.arities.strtab string table,
;;; identifying the argument names.  This offset is relative to the
;;; start of the .guile.arities section.
;;;
;;; If the arity has keyword arguments -- if has-keyword-args? is set in
;;; the flags -- the first uint32 pointed to by offset encodes a link to
;;; the "keyword indices" literal, in the data section.  Then follow the
;;; names for all locals, in order, as uleb128 values.  The required
;;; arguments will be the first locals, followed by the optionals,
;;; followed by the rest argument if if has-rest? is set.  The names
;;; point into the associated string table section.
;;;
;;; Functions with no arities have no arities information present in the
;;; .guile.arities section.
;;;
;;; Functions with multiple arities are preceded by a header with
;;; is-case-lambda? set.  All other fields are 0, except low-pc and
;;; high-pc which should be the bounds of the whole function.  Headers
;;; for the individual arities follow, with the is-in-case-lambda? flag
;;; set.  In this way the whole headers array is sorted in increasing
;;; low-pc order, and case-lambda clauses are contained within the
;;; [low-pc, high-pc] of the case-lambda header.

;; Length of the prefix to the arities section, in bytes.
(define arities-prefix-len 4)

;; Length of an arity header, in bytes.
(define arity-header-len (* 7 4))

;; Some helpers.
(define (put-uleb128 port val)
  (let lp ((val val))
    (let ((next (ash val -7)))
      (if (zero? next)
          (put-u8 port val)
          (begin
            (put-u8 port (logior #x80 (logand val #x7f)))
            (lp next))))))

(define (put-sleb128 port val)
  (let lp ((val val))
    (if (<= 0 (+ val 64) 127)
        (put-u8 port (logand val #x7f))
        (begin
          (put-u8 port (logior #x80 (logand val #x7f)))
          (lp (ash val -7))))))

(define (port-position port)
  (seek port 0 SEEK_CUR))

(define-inline (pack-arity-flags has-rest? allow-other-keys?
                                 has-keyword-args? is-case-lambda?
                                 is-in-case-lambda?)
  (logior (if has-rest? (ash 1 0) 0)
          (if allow-other-keys? (ash 1 1) 0)
          (if has-keyword-args? (ash 1 2) 0)
          (if is-case-lambda? (ash 1 3) 0)
          (if is-in-case-lambda? (ash 1 4) 0)))

(define (write-arities asm metas headers names-port strtab)
  (define (write-header pos low-pc high-pc offset flags nreq nopt nlocals)
    (unless (<= (+ nreq nopt) nlocals)
      (error "forgot to emit definition instructions?"))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers pos (* low-pc 4) (asm-endianness asm))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers (+ pos 4) (* high-pc 4) (asm-endianness asm))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers (+ pos 8) offset (asm-endianness asm))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers (+ pos 12) flags (asm-endianness asm))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers (+ pos 16) nreq (asm-endianness asm))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers (+ pos 20) nopt (asm-endianness asm))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers (+ pos 24) nlocals (asm-endianness asm)))
  (define (write-kw-indices kw-indices relocs)
    ;; FIXME: Assert that kw-indices is already interned.
    (if (pair? kw-indices)
        (let ((pos (+ (bytevector-length headers)
                      (port-position names-port)))
              (label (intern-constant asm kw-indices)))
          (put-bytevector names-port #vu8(0 0 0 0))
          (cons (make-linker-reloc 'abs32/1 pos 0 label) relocs))
        relocs))
  (define (write-arity pos arity in-case-lambda? relocs)
    (write-header pos (arity-low-pc arity)
                  (arity-high-pc arity)
                  ;; FIXME: Seems silly to add on bytevector-length of
                  ;; headers, given the arities-prefix.
                  (+ (bytevector-length headers) (port-position names-port))
                  (pack-arity-flags (arity-rest arity)
                                    (arity-allow-other-keys? arity)
                                    (pair? (arity-kw-indices arity))
                                    #f
                                    in-case-lambda?)
                  (length (arity-req arity))
                  (length (arity-opt arity))
                  (length (arity-definitions arity)))
    (let ((relocs (write-kw-indices (arity-kw-indices arity) relocs)))
      ;; Write local names.
      (let lp ((definitions (arity-definitions arity)))
        (match definitions
          (() relocs)
          ((#(name slot def) . definitions)
           (let ((sym (if (symbol? name)
                          (string-table-intern! strtab (symbol->string name))
                          0)))
             (put-uleb128 names-port sym)
             (lp definitions)))))
      ;; Now write their definitions.
      (let lp ((definitions (arity-definitions arity)))
        (match definitions
          (() relocs)
          ((#(name slot def) . definitions)
           (put-uleb128 names-port def)
           (put-uleb128 names-port slot)
           (lp definitions))))))
  (let lp ((metas metas) (pos arities-prefix-len) (relocs '()))
    (match metas
      (()
       (unless (= pos (bytevector-length headers))
         (error "expected to fully fill the bytevector"
                pos (bytevector-length headers)))
       relocs)
      ((meta . metas)
       (match (meta-arities meta)
         (() (lp metas pos relocs))
         ((arity)
          (lp metas
              (+ pos arity-header-len)
              (write-arity pos arity #f relocs)))
         (arities
          ;; Write a case-lambda header, then individual arities.
          ;; The case-lambda header's offset link is 0.
          (write-header pos (meta-low-pc meta) (meta-high-pc meta) 0
                        (pack-arity-flags #f #f #f #t #f) 0 0 0)
          (let lp* ((arities arities) (pos (+ pos arity-header-len))
                    (relocs relocs))
            (match arities
              (() (lp metas pos relocs))
              ((arity . arities)
               (lp* arities
                    (+ pos arity-header-len)
                    (write-arity pos arity #t relocs)))))))))))

(define (link-arities asm)
  (define (meta-arities-header-size meta)
    (define (lambda-size arity)
      arity-header-len)
    (define (case-lambda-size arities)
      (fold +
            arity-header-len            ;; case-lambda header
            (map lambda-size arities))) ;; the cases
    (match (meta-arities meta)
      (() 0)
      ((arity) (lambda-size arity))
      (arities (case-lambda-size arities))))

  (define (bytevector-append a b)
    (let ((out (make-bytevector (+ (bytevector-length a)
                                   (bytevector-length b)))))
      (bytevector-copy! a 0 out 0 (bytevector-length a))
      (bytevector-copy! b 0 out (bytevector-length a) (bytevector-length b))
      out))

  (let* ((endianness (asm-endianness asm))
         (metas (reverse (asm-meta asm)))
         (header-size (fold (lambda (meta size)
                              (+ size (meta-arities-header-size meta)))
                            arities-prefix-len
                            metas))
         (strtab (make-string-table))
         (headers (make-bytevector header-size 0)))
    (bytevector-u32-set! headers 0 (bytevector-length headers) endianness)
    (let-values (((names-port get-name-bv) (open-bytevector-output-port)))
      (let* ((relocs (write-arities asm metas headers names-port strtab))
             (strtab (make-object asm '.guile.arities.strtab
                                  (link-string-table! strtab)
                                  '() '()
                                  #:type SHT_STRTAB #:flags 0)))
        (values (make-object asm '.guile.arities
                             (bytevector-append headers (get-name-bv))
                             relocs '()
                             #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0
                             #:link (elf-section-index
                                     (linker-object-section strtab)))
                strtab)))))

;;;
;;; The .guile.docstrs section is a packed, sorted array of (pc, str)
;;; values.  Pc and str are both 32 bits wide.  (Either could change to
;;; 64 bits if appropriate in the future.)  Pc is the address of the
;;; entry to a program, relative to the start of the text section, in
;;; bytes, and str is an index into the associated .guile.docstrs.strtab
;;; string table section.
;;;

;; The size of a docstrs entry, in bytes.
(define docstr-size 8)

(define (link-docstrs asm)
  (define (find-docstrings)
    (filter-map (lambda (meta)
                  (define (is-documentation? pair)
                    (eq? (car pair) 'documentation))
                  (let* ((props (meta-properties meta))
                         (tail (find-tail is-documentation? props)))
                    (and tail
                         (not (find-tail is-documentation? (cdr tail)))
                         (string? (cdar tail))
                         (cons (* 4 (meta-low-pc meta)) (cdar tail)))))
                (reverse (asm-meta asm))))
  (let* ((endianness (asm-endianness asm))
         (docstrings (find-docstrings))
         (strtab (make-string-table))
         (bv (make-bytevector (* (length docstrings) docstr-size) 0)))
    (fold (lambda (pair pos)
            (match pair
              ((pc . string)
               (bytevector-u32-set! bv pos pc endianness)
               (bytevector-u32-set! bv (+ pos 4)
                                    (string-table-intern! strtab string)
                                    endianness)
               (+ pos docstr-size))))
          0
          docstrings)
    (let ((strtab (make-object asm '.guile.docstrs.strtab
                               (link-string-table! strtab)
                               '() '()
                               #:type SHT_STRTAB #:flags 0)))
      (values (make-object asm '.guile.docstrs
                           bv
                           '() '()
                           #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0
                           #:link (elf-section-index
                                   (linker-object-section strtab)))
              strtab))))

;;;
;;; The .guile.procprops section is a packed, sorted array of (pc, addr)
;;; values.  Pc and addr are both 32 bits wide.  (Either could change to
;;; 64 bits if appropriate in the future.)  Pc is the address of the
;;; entry to a program, relative to the start of the text section, and
;;; addr is the address of the associated properties alist, relative to
;;; the start of the ELF image.
;;;
;;; Since procedure properties are stored in the data sections, we need
;;; to link the procedures property section first.  (Note that this
;;; constraint does not apply to the arities section, which may
;;; reference the data sections via the kw-indices literal, because
;;; assembling the text section already makes sure that the kw-indices
;;; are interned.)
;;;

;; The size of a procprops entry, in bytes.
(define procprops-size 8)

(define (link-procprops asm)
  (define (assoc-remove-one alist key value-pred)
    (match alist
      (() '())
      ((((? (lambda (x) (eq? x key))) . value) . alist)
       (if (value-pred value)
           alist
           (acons key value alist)))
      (((k . v) . alist)
       (acons k v (assoc-remove-one alist key value-pred)))))
  (define (props-without-name-or-docstring meta)
    (assoc-remove-one
     (assoc-remove-one (meta-properties meta) 'name (lambda (x) #t))
     'documentation
     string?))
  (define (find-procprops)
    (filter-map (lambda (meta)
                  (let ((props (props-without-name-or-docstring meta)))
                    (and (pair? props)
                         (cons (* 4 (meta-low-pc meta)) props))))
                (reverse (asm-meta asm))))
  (let* ((endianness (asm-endianness asm))
         (procprops (find-procprops))
         (bv (make-bytevector (* (length procprops) procprops-size) 0)))
    (let lp ((procprops procprops) (pos 0) (relocs '()))
      (match procprops
        (()
         (make-object asm '.guile.procprops
                      bv
                      relocs '()
                      #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0))
        (((pc . props) . procprops)
         (bytevector-u32-set! bv pos pc endianness)
         (lp procprops
             (+ pos procprops-size)
             (cons (make-linker-reloc 'abs32/1 (+ pos 4) 0
                                      (intern-constant asm props))
                   relocs)))))))

;;;
;;; The DWARF .debug_info, .debug_abbrev, .debug_str, and .debug_loc
;;; sections provide line number and local variable liveness
;;; information.  Their format is defined by the DWARF
;;; specifications.
;;;

(define (asm-language asm)
  ;; FIXME: Plumb language through to the assembler.
  'scheme)

;; -> 5 values: .debug_info, .debug_abbrev, .debug_str, .debug_loc, .debug_lines
(define (link-debug asm)
  (define (put-s8 port val)
    (let ((bv (make-bytevector 1)))
      (bytevector-s8-set! bv 0 val)
      (put-bytevector port bv)))

  (define (put-u16 port val)
    (let ((bv (make-bytevector 2)))
      (bytevector-u16-set! bv 0 val (asm-endianness asm))
      (put-bytevector port bv)))

  (define (put-u32 port val)
    (let ((bv (make-bytevector 4)))
      (bytevector-u32-set! bv 0 val (asm-endianness asm))
      (put-bytevector port bv)))

  (define (put-u64 port val)
    (let ((bv (make-bytevector 8)))
      (bytevector-u64-set! bv 0 val (asm-endianness asm))
      (put-bytevector port bv)))

  (define (meta->subprogram-die meta)
    `(subprogram
      (@ ,@(cond
            ((meta-name meta)
             => (lambda (name) `((name ,(symbol->string name)))))
            (else
             '()))
         (low-pc ,(meta-label meta))
         (high-pc ,(* 4 (- (meta-high-pc meta) (meta-low-pc meta)))))))

  (define (make-compile-unit-die asm)
    `(compile-unit
      (@ (producer ,(string-append "Guile " (version)))
         (language ,(asm-language asm))
         (low-pc .rtl-text)
         (high-pc ,(* 4 (asm-pos asm)))
         (stmt-list 0))
      ,@(map meta->subprogram-die (reverse (asm-meta asm)))))

  (let-values (((die-port get-die-bv) (open-bytevector-output-port))
               ((die-relocs) '())
               ((abbrev-port get-abbrev-bv) (open-bytevector-output-port))
               ;; (tag has-kids? attrs forms) -> code
               ((abbrevs) vlist-null)
               ((strtab) (make-string-table))
               ((line-port get-line-bv) (open-bytevector-output-port))
               ((line-relocs) '())
               ;; file -> code
               ((files) vlist-null))

    (define (write-abbrev code tag has-children? attrs forms)
      (put-uleb128 abbrev-port code)
      (put-uleb128 abbrev-port (tag-name->code tag))
      (put-u8 abbrev-port (children-name->code (if has-children? 'yes 'no)))
      (for-each (lambda (attr form)
                  (put-uleb128 abbrev-port (attribute-name->code attr))
                  (put-uleb128 abbrev-port (form-name->code form)))
                attrs forms)
      (put-uleb128 abbrev-port 0)
      (put-uleb128 abbrev-port 0))

    (define (intern-abbrev tag has-children? attrs forms)
      (let ((key (list tag has-children? attrs forms)))
        (match (vhash-assoc key abbrevs)
          ((_ . code) code)
          (#f (let ((code (1+ (vlist-length abbrevs))))
                (set! abbrevs (vhash-cons key code abbrevs))
                (write-abbrev code tag has-children? attrs forms)
                code)))))

    (define (intern-file file)
      (match (vhash-assoc file files)
        ((_ . code) code)
        (#f (let ((code (1+ (vlist-length files))))
              (set! files (vhash-cons file code files))
              code))))

    (define (write-sources)
      ;; Choose line base and line range values that will allow for an
      ;; address advance range of 16 words.  The special opcode range is
      ;; from 10 to 255, so 246 values.
      (define base -4)
      (define range 15)

      (let lp ((sources (asm-sources asm)) (out '()))
        (match sources
          (((pc . s) . sources)
           (let ((file (assq-ref s 'filename))
                 (line (assq-ref s 'line))
                 (col (assq-ref s 'column)))
             (lp sources
                 ;; Guile line and column numbers are 0-indexed, but
                 ;; they are 1-indexed for DWARF.
                 (if (and line col)
                     (cons (list pc
                                 (if (string? file) (intern-file file) 0)
                                 (1+ line)
                                 (1+ col))
                           out)
                     out))))
          (()
           ;; Compilation unit header for .debug_line.  We write in
           ;; DWARF 2 format because more tools understand it than DWARF
           ;; 4, which incompatibly adds another field to this header.

           (put-u32 line-port 0) ; Length; will patch later.
           (put-u16 line-port 2) ; DWARF 2 format.
           (put-u32 line-port 0) ; Prologue length; will patch later.
           (put-u8 line-port 4) ; Minimum instruction length: 4 bytes.
           (put-u8 line-port 1) ; Default is-stmt: true.

           (put-s8 line-port base) ; Line base.  See the DWARF standard.
           (put-u8 line-port range) ; Line range.  See the DWARF standard.
           (put-u8 line-port 10) ; Opcode base: the first "special" opcode.

           ;; A table of the number of uleb128 arguments taken by each
           ;; of the standard opcodes.
           (put-u8 line-port 0) ; 1: copy
           (put-u8 line-port 1) ; 2: advance-pc
           (put-u8 line-port 1) ; 3: advance-line
           (put-u8 line-port 1) ; 4: set-file
           (put-u8 line-port 1) ; 5: set-column
           (put-u8 line-port 0) ; 6: negate-stmt
           (put-u8 line-port 0) ; 7: set-basic-block
           (put-u8 line-port 0) ; 8: const-add-pc
           (put-u8 line-port 1) ; 9: fixed-advance-pc

           ;; Include directories, as a zero-terminated sequence of
           ;; nul-terminated strings.  Nothing, for the moment.
           (put-u8 line-port 0)

           ;; File table.  For each file that contributes to this
           ;; compilation unit, a nul-terminated file name string, and a
           ;; uleb128 for each of directory the file was found in, the
           ;; modification time, and the file's size in bytes.  We pass
           ;; zero for the latter three fields.
           (vlist-fold-right
            (lambda (pair seed)
              (match pair
                ((file . code)
                 (put-bytevector line-port (string->utf8 file))
                 (put-u8 line-port 0)
                 (put-uleb128 line-port 0) ; directory
                 (put-uleb128 line-port 0) ; mtime
                 (put-uleb128 line-port 0))) ; size
              seed)
            #f
            files)
           (put-u8 line-port 0) ; 0 byte terminating file list.

           ;; Patch prologue length.
           (let ((offset (port-position line-port)))
             (seek line-port 6 SEEK_SET)
             (put-u32 line-port (- offset 10))
             (seek line-port offset SEEK_SET))

           ;; Now write the statement program.
           (let ()
             (define (extended-op opcode payload-len)
               (put-u8 line-port 0)                     ; extended op
               (put-uleb128 line-port (1+ payload-len)) ; payload-len + opcode
               (put-uleb128 line-port opcode))
             (define (set-address sym)
               (define (add-reloc! kind)
                 (set! line-relocs
                       (cons (make-linker-reloc kind
                                                (port-position line-port)
                                                0
                                                sym)
                             line-relocs)))
               (match (asm-word-size asm)
                 (4
                  (extended-op 2 4)
                  (add-reloc! 'abs32/1)
                  (put-u32 line-port 0))
                 (8
                  (extended-op 2 8)
                  (add-reloc! 'abs64/1)
                  (put-u64 line-port 0))))
             (define (end-sequence pc)
               (let ((pc-inc (- (asm-pos asm) pc)))
                 (put-u8 line-port 2)   ; advance-pc
                 (put-uleb128 line-port pc-inc))
               (extended-op 1 0))
             (define (advance-pc pc-inc line-inc)
               (let ((spec (+ (- line-inc base) (* pc-inc range) 10)))
                 (cond
                  ((or (< line-inc base) (>= line-inc (+ base range)))
                   (advance-line line-inc)
                   (advance-pc pc-inc 0))
                  ((<= spec 255)
                   (put-u8 line-port spec))
                  ((< spec 500)
                   (put-u8 line-port 8) ; const-advance-pc
                   (advance-pc (- pc-inc (floor/ (- 255 10) range))
                               line-inc))
                  (else
                   (put-u8 line-port 2) ; advance-pc
                   (put-uleb128 line-port pc-inc)
                   (advance-pc 0 line-inc)))))
             (define (advance-line inc)
               (put-u8 line-port 3)
               (put-sleb128 line-port inc))
             (define (set-file file)
               (put-u8 line-port 4)
               (put-uleb128 line-port file))
             (define (set-column col)
               (put-u8 line-port 5)
               (put-uleb128 line-port col))

             (set-address '.rtl-text)

             (let lp ((in out) (pc 0) (file 1) (line 1) (col 0))
               (match in
                 (()
                  (when (null? out)
                    ;; There was no source info in the first place.  Set
                    ;; file register to 0 before adding final row.
                    (set-file 0))
                  (end-sequence pc))
                 (((pc* file* line* col*) . in*)
                  (cond
                   ((and (eqv? file file*) (eqv? line line*) (eqv? col col*))
                    (lp in* pc file line col))
                   (else
                    (unless (eqv? col col*)
                      (set-column col*))
                    (unless (eqv? file file*)
                      (set-file file*))
                    (advance-pc (- pc* pc) (- line* line))
                    (lp in* pc* file* line* col*)))))))))))

    (define (compute-code attr val)
      (match attr
        ('name (string-table-intern! strtab val))
        ('low-pc val)
        ('high-pc val)
        ('producer (string-table-intern! strtab val))
        ('language (language-name->code val))
        ('stmt-list val)))

    (define (choose-form attr val code)
      (cond
       ((string? val) 'strp)
       ((eq? attr 'stmt-list) 'sec-offset)
       ((eq? attr 'low-pc) 'addr)
       ((exact-integer? code)
        (cond
         ((< code 0) 'sleb128)
         ((<= code #xff) 'data1)
         ((<= code #xffff) 'data2)
         ((<= code #xffffffff) 'data4)
         ((<= code #xffffffffffffffff) 'data8)
         (else 'uleb128)))
       (else (error "unhandled case" attr val code))))

    (define (add-die-relocation! kind sym)
      (set! die-relocs
            (cons (make-linker-reloc kind (port-position die-port) 0 sym)
                  die-relocs)))

    (define (write-value code form)
      (match form
        ('data1 (put-u8 die-port code))
        ('data2 (put-u16 die-port code))
        ('data4 (put-u32 die-port code))
        ('data8 (put-u64 die-port code))
        ('uleb128 (put-uleb128 die-port code))
        ('sleb128 (put-sleb128 die-port code))
        ('addr
         (match (asm-word-size asm)
           (4
            (add-die-relocation! 'abs32/1 code)
            (put-u32 die-port 0))
           (8
            (add-die-relocation! 'abs64/1 code)
            (put-u64 die-port 0))))
        ('sec-offset (put-u32 die-port code))
        ('strp (put-u32 die-port code))))

    (define (write-die die)
      (match die
        ((tag ('@ (attrs vals) ...) children ...)
         (let* ((codes (map compute-code attrs vals))
                (forms (map choose-form attrs vals codes))
                (has-children? (not (null? children)))
                (abbrev-code (intern-abbrev tag has-children? attrs forms)))
           (put-uleb128 die-port abbrev-code)
           (for-each write-value codes forms)
           (when has-children?
             (for-each write-die children)
             (put-uleb128 die-port 0))))))

    ;; Compilation unit header.
    (put-u32 die-port 0) ; Length; will patch later.
    (put-u16 die-port 4) ; DWARF 4.
    (put-u32 die-port 0) ; Abbrevs offset.
    (put-u8 die-port (asm-word-size asm)) ; Address size.

    (write-die (make-compile-unit-die asm))

    ;; Terminate the abbrevs list.
    (put-uleb128 abbrev-port 0)

    (write-sources)

    (values (let ((bv (get-die-bv)))
              ;; Patch DWARF32 length.
              (bytevector-u32-set! bv 0 (- (bytevector-length bv) 4)
                                   (asm-endianness asm))
              (make-object asm '.debug_info bv die-relocs '()
                           #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0))
            (make-object asm '.debug_abbrev (get-abbrev-bv) '() '()
                         #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0)
            (make-object asm '.debug_str (link-string-table! strtab) '() '()
                         #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0)
            (make-object asm '.debug_loc #vu8() '() '()
                         #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0)
            (let ((bv (get-line-bv)))
              ;; Patch DWARF32 length.
              (bytevector-u32-set! bv 0 (- (bytevector-length bv) 4)
                                   (asm-endianness asm))
              (make-object asm '.debug_line bv line-relocs '()
                           #:type SHT_PROGBITS #:flags 0)))))

(define (link-objects asm)
  (let*-values (;; Link procprops before constants, because it probably
                ;; interns more constants.
                ((procprops) (link-procprops asm))
                ((ro rw rw-init) (link-constants asm))
                ;; Link text object after constants, so that the
                ;; constants initializer gets included.
                ((text) (link-text-object asm))
                ((frame-maps) (link-frame-maps asm))
                ((dt) (link-dynamic-section asm text rw rw-init frame-maps))
                ((symtab strtab) (link-symtab (linker-object-section text) asm))
                ((arities arities-strtab) (link-arities asm))
                ((docstrs docstrs-strtab) (link-docstrs asm))
                ((dinfo dabbrev dstrtab dloc dline) (link-debug asm))
                ;; This needs to be linked last, because linking other
                ;; sections adds entries to the string table.
                ((shstrtab) (link-shstrtab asm)))
    (filter identity
            (list text ro frame-maps rw dt symtab strtab
                  arities arities-strtab
                  docstrs docstrs-strtab procprops
                  dinfo dabbrev dstrtab dloc dline
                  shstrtab))))




;;;
;;; High-level public interfaces.
;;;

(define* (link-assembly asm #:key (page-aligned? #t))
  "Produce an ELF image from the code and data emitted into @var{asm}.
The result is a bytevector, by default linked so that read-only and
writable data are on separate pages.  Pass @code{#:page-aligned? #f} to
disable this behavior."
  (link-elf (link-objects asm) #:page-aligned? page-aligned?))